Reversible energy absorption of elasto-plastic auxetic, hexagonal, and AuxHex structures fabricated by FDM 4D printing

Abstract The present study aims at introducing reconfigurable mechanical metamaterials by utilising four-dimensional (4D) printing process for recoverable energy dissipation and absorption applications with shape memory effects. architected are designed as a repeating arrangement of re-entrant auxetic, hexagonal, AuxHex unit-cells manufactured using 3D fused deposition modelling process. cellular structure is composed auxetic hexagonal components. Architected developed based on comprehension the elasto-plastic features polylactic acid materials cold programming deduced from theory experiments. Computational models ABAQUS/Standard used to simulate properties 4D-printed under quasi-static uniaxial compression loading, results validated experimental data. Research trials show that metamaterial has better capability compared other structures studied in this paper, mainly because unique deformation mechanisms unit-cells. It shown behaviors exhibit hysteresis when undergoing loading-unloading cycle. experimentally revealed residual plastic strain processes induced completely reversible through simple heating. concepts presented work can potentially be useful towards 4D engineering applications.